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Natural Gold versus Man Made Gold
Gold has been the most sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, symbol of status, collection of wealth, store of value, medium/source of arts since the beginning of human history and since then remained linked to various symbolisms and ideologies. This dense, soft, shiny, most malleable and ductile pure metal is found in nature as free flakes, nuggets or grains in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits. The metal having bright/metallic yellow color maintains its attractive luster without oxidizing in air or water.
Elemental gold occurs as a metal solid solution of gold with silver known as a gold silver alloy which usually have 8–10% silver content. Gold is also found in rock-ores in the form of tiny/small/microscopic particles of gold. Sometimes gold occurs combined with tellurium and sometime in rare alloys with copper, lead and mercury. The world's oceans also hold vast amount of gold. But due to very low concentrations its extraction is not economical.
Gold mining is subject to gold content in its ore. Generally 0.5 ppm gold content may be economical. Gold extraction is most economical in large, easily mined deposits. In open-pit mines it is 1-5 ppm and in underground or hard rock mines it is 3ppm. Usually mines with less than 0.5 ppm gold content are uneconomical and have to be abandoned/closed.
After initial extraction gold is further purified/refined by the Wohlwill/Miller process. Other methods include parting and inquartation, cuppelation, or refining methods based on the dissolution of gold in aqua regia.
Gold is so stable and so valuable that it is always recovered and recycled. There is no true consumption of gold in the economic sense and the stock of gold remains essentially constant only ownership shifts from one party to another
Purity of gold can be determined by touch stone method, stretchability tests and acid test methods.
In India some alchemists, in a public meeting attended by general public as well as some scientists, created gold-like substance from mercury using some ancient/primitive methods/techniques. This man-made gold was tested for its genuineness. It is said that it passed touch stone method and stretchability tests but failed to withstand acid test methods.
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